穿上了学士服，拍了毕业照，从此是社会人，应届毕业生选择合适的职业发展方向尤为重要。

Wearing bachelor's clothes and taking graduation photos, I have been a social person since then. It is particularly important for fresh graduates to choose an appropriate career development direction.

乐从拥有举世闻名的“家具、钢材和塑料”三大专业市场，乐从是全国最大钢铁贸易集散地，拥有钢贸公司1190多家，乐从钢材市场占地面积180多万平方米，年促成钢材贸易总量超过1000万吨，销售网络辐射全国各地，以规模大、品种全、客户广和服务好而闻名于世。

Lecong has three world-famous professional markets of "furniture, steel and plastics". Lecong is the largest steel trade distribution center in China, with more than 1190 steel trading companies. Lecong steel market covers an area of more than 1.8 million square meters, resulting in an annual total steel trade of more than 10 million tons. Its sales network radiates all over the country with large scale, complete varieties It is famous for its wide range of customers and good service.

对于初步入社会的应届生，意向从业钢铁行业的，可以先从常见常用的钢材了解，佛山市万庆物资有限公司与您分享一下：

For the fresh students who want to work in the iron and steel industry, they can first learn from the common steels. Foshan Wanqing Materials Co., Ltd. shares with you:

热轧板是以板坯（主要为连铸坯）为原料，在高温下对钢锭或钢坯进行轧制，一般是加热到1100-1250摄氏度，终止温度是800-900，最后在空气中冷却。

Hot rolled plate takes slab (mainly continuous casting slab) as raw material to roll ingot or billet at high temperature. Generally, it is heated to 1100-1250 ℃, the termination temperature is 800-900, and finally cooled in air.

冷轧板则是指在常温下对热轧板进行轧制，虽然过程中也会让钢板升温，但主要还是再结晶温度（在1小时保温时间内能完成再结晶过程的最低温度，称为再结晶温度。）以下进行轧制。

Cold rolled plate refers to the rolling of hot-rolled plate at room temperature. Although the steel plate will also rise in temperature, it is mainly recrystallization temperature (the lowest temperature that can complete the recrystallization process within 1 hour holding time is called recrystallization temperature.) Rolling shall be carried out as follows.

酸洗板是以优质热轧薄板为原料，经酸洗机组去除氧化层，切边，精整后，表面质量和使用要求（主要是冷弯成型或冲压性能）介于热轧板和冷轧板之间的中间产品，是部分热轧板和冷轧板理想的替代产品。

Pickling plate is an intermediate product with high-quality hot-rolled sheet as raw material. After removing oxide layer, trimming and finishing by pickling unit, the surface quality and service requirements (mainly cold bending forming or stamping performance) are between hot-rolled plate and cold-rolled plate. It is an ideal substitute for some hot-rolled plate and cold-rolled plate.

各自的特点：

Respective characteristics:

热轧板可以破坏钢锭的铸造组织，细化钢材的晶粒，并消除显微组织的缺陷，从而使钢材组织密实，力学性能得到改善。这种改善主要体现在沿轧制方向上，从而使钢材在一定程度上不再是各向同性体；浇注时形成的气泡、裂纹和疏松，也可在高温和压力作用下被焊合。

Hot rolled plate can destroy the casting structure of ingot, refine the grain of steel and eliminate the defects of microstructure, so as to make the steel compact and improve the mechanical properties. This improvement is mainly reflected in the rolling direction, so that the steel is no longer isotropic to a certain extent; Bubbles, cracks and looseness formed during pouring can also be welded under the action of high temperature and pressure.

经过热轧之后，热轧的钢材产品，对于厚度和边宽这方面不好控制。我们熟知热胀冷缩，由于开始的时候热轧出来即使是长度、厚度都达标，最后冷却后还是会出现一定的负差，这种负差边宽越宽，厚度越厚表现的越明显。所以对于大号的钢材，对于钢材的边宽、厚度、长度，角度，以及边线都没法要求太精确。

After hot rolling, the thickness and edge width of hot rolled steel products are not easy to control. We are familiar with thermal expansion and cold contraction. Even if the length and thickness meet the standard at the beginning of hot rolling, there will be a certain negative difference after cooling. The wider the edge width of this negative difference is, the thicker the thickness is, the more obvious it is. Therefore, for large steel, the side width, thickness, length, angle and edge line of steel can not be required to be too accurate.

冷轧板由于连续冷变形引起的冷轧硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）所以必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能。

The cold rolling hardening of cold rolled sheet caused by continuous cold deformation increases the strength, hardness and toughness plastic index of the rolled hard coil. Without annealing treatment, its hardness is very high (HRB is greater than 90) and its machinability is very poor. It can only carry out simple directional bending less than 90 degrees (perpendicular to the coiling direction). Therefore, its mechanical properties must be restored after annealing.

在冷轧过程中必须使用冷轧油，使用冷轧油的好处是：1、有效降低磨擦系数，提供相应的轧制力，轧制能耗低，获得满意的轧制参数；2、使表面光亮度高、轧延厚度均匀；3、冷却效果好，能迅速带走轧制热，保护轧辊及轧件。退火性能良好，不会产生油烧现象；4、有短期的防锈性能，可提供轧件临时防锈保护；

Cold rolling oil must be used in the cold rolling process. The advantages of using cold rolling oil are as follows: 1. Effectively reduce the friction coefficient, provide corresponding rolling force, low rolling energy consumption and obtain satisfactory rolling parameters; 2. High surface brightness and uniform rolling thickness; 3. The cooling effect is good, which can quickly take away the rolling heat and protect the roll and rolled piece. Good annealing performance, no oil burning; 4. It has short-term antirust performance and can provide temporary antirust protection for rolled pieces;

酸洗板是热轧板和冷轧板之间的中间产品，用盐酸将热轧钢板上的氧化铁皮清除后得到漂亮、光滑的表面，产品包括低中、高强度级别的冲压用钢、汽车结构用钢等，主要以钢卷形式交货。

Pickling plate is an intermediate product between hot-rolled plate and cold-rolled plate. After removing the iron oxide scale on the hot-rolled steel plate with hydrochloric acid, a beautiful and smooth surface is obtained. The products include low, medium and high-strength stamping steel, automobile structural steel, etc., which are mainly delivered in the form of steel coil.

与热轧板相比，酸洗板的优势主要在于：

1、表面质量好，由于热轧酸洗板去除了表面氧化铁皮，提高了钢材的表面质量，便于焊接、涂油和上漆。

2、尺寸精度高，平整后，可使板型发生一定变化，从而减少不平度的偏差。

3、提高了表面光洁度，增强了外观效果。

4、能减少用户分散酸洗造成的环境污染。

Compared with hot rolled plate, the advantages of pickled plate mainly lie in:

1. The surface quality is good. Because the surface oxide scale is removed from the hot-rolled pickling plate, the surface quality of steel is improved, which is convenient for welding, oiling and painting.

2. High dimensional accuracy. After leveling, the plate shape can change to a certain extent, so as to reduce the deviation of unevenness.

3. The surface finish is improved and the appearance effect is enhanced.

4. It can reduce the environmental pollution caused by scattered pickling by users.

与冷轧板相比，酸洗板的优势在于在保证表面质量使用要求的前提下，使用户有效的降低采购成本。

Compared with cold-rolled sheet, the advantage of pickled sheet is to effectively reduce the purchase cost on the premise of ensuring the surface quality and use requirements.

简单点儿来说，冷轧板，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，是热轧---酸洗--磷化--皂化--冷轧这样的加工过程。

To put it simply, cold rolled plate is processed and rolled on the basis of hot rolled plate and coil. It is a processing process of hot rolling - Pickling - phosphating - saponification - cold rolling.

热轧酸洗板的主要工序有激光焊接、位伸矫直、紊流酸洗、在线平整、切边、在线涂油等。

The main processes of hot-rolled pickling plate include laser welding, stretch straightening, turbulent pickling, on-line leveling, edge cutting, on-line oiling, etc.

冷轧钢板具有更好的强度，热轧钢板具有更好的延性。热轧钢板是在高温下轧制而成，冷轧是在常温下轧制。酸洗板是介于冷轧板和热轧板之间的性能价格比比较高的一种产品，目前市场需求主要集中在汽车行业、压缩机行业、机械制造行业、零配加工行业、风机行业、摩托车行业、钢家具、五金配件、电柜货架及各种形状的冲压件等。

Cold rolled steel plate has better strength and hot rolled steel plate has better ductility. Hot rolled steel plate is rolled at high temperature, and cold rolled steel plate is rolled at room temperature. Pickling plate is a product with high performance price ratio between cold-rolled plate and hot-rolled plate. At present, the market demand is mainly concentrated in automobile industry, compressor industry, machinery manufacturing industry, spare parts processing industry, fan industry, motorcycle industry, steel furniture, hardware accessories, electric cabinet shelves and stamping parts of various shapes.

未来前景是我们在选择行业时应该考虑到的问题，行业的未来其实也就是你的未来，因此谨慎选择一个未来前景良好的行业，也是对你自己人生的负责。

The future prospect is what we should consider when choosing an industry. The future of the industry is actually your future. Therefore, carefully choosing an industry with good future prospects is also responsible for your own life.